What is the mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?

The mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is accurately identified as preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that contributes significantly to increased blood pressure. By inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), these medications reduce the levels of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation – the widening of blood vessels. This effect not only lowers blood pressure but also decreases the workload on the heart and improves blood flow.

Furthermore, this reduction in angiotensin II also leads to decreased secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, which contributes to sodium and water retention. Thus, ACE inhibitors play a critical role in managing conditions such as hypertension and heart failure by promoting vasodilation, reducing blood volume, and ultimately decreasing blood pressure.