What is the primary cause of peripheral artery disease?

The primary cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty plaques in the arterial walls. This condition leads to the narrowing and hardening of arteries, reducing blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs. Atherosclerosis is associated with various risk factors, including high cholesterol, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle.

Though diabetes mellitus and hypertension contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and can also increase the risk of developing PAD, they are not the direct primary cause. Similarly, venous insufficiency pertains to problems in the veins rather than the arteries, making it unrelated to the formation of PAD. Atherosclerosis directly impacts arterial health and is the fundamental mechanism leading to peripheral artery disease, highlighting its central role in this condition.