What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

The primary cause of peptic ulcers is indeed related to Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that can invade the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and ulcer formation. This infection is quite common and is a significant contributing factor to both gastric and duodenal ulcers.

NSAIDs, on the other hand, are often utilized for pain relief but can disrupt the mucosal barrier of the stomach. These medications inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which are compounds that help maintain the protective lining of the stomach. When the production of these protective factors is reduced, the stomach becomes more susceptible to the damaging effects of gastric acid, increasing the risk for ulceration.

While other factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, high stress levels, poor diet, and genetic predisposition can influence the development of ulcers or exacerbate existing conditions, they are not the primary causes. Addressing H. pylori infection and managing NSAID use are crucial for preventing and treating peptic ulcers effectively.