What lifestyle modification is most effective for individuals with hypertension?

Reducing sodium intake is particularly effective for individuals with hypertension because excessive sodium contributes to increased blood volume and higher blood pressure. When sodium levels in the body are elevated, the kidneys may hold onto more water in an attempt to dilute the sodium, leading to greater fluid retention and an increase in blood pressure. Consequently, dietary sodium reduction is often recommended as a primary intervention for managing hypertension.

Evidence shows that lowering sodium intake can result in significant reductions in blood pressure, especially for those who are salt-sensitive. Organizations such as the American Heart Association advocate for a reduction in sodium to help control hypertension, making it a key lifestyle modification.

While increasing physical activity, increasing potassium intake, and limiting alcohol consumption are also beneficial lifestyle changes that support general cardiovascular health and can contribute to lower blood pressure, the direct impact of sodium reduction is more pronounced and widely emphasized in clinical guidelines for managing hypertension.