Which clinical sign signifies an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

Unilateral leg swelling and tenderness are classic clinical signs associated with an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The underlying pathophysiology involves the formation of a thrombus in a deep vein, often due to conditions such as prolonged immobility, venous stasis, and endothelial injury. When a clot forms, it can obstruct venous return, leading to fluid accumulation in the affected limb, resulting in swelling. The tenderness occurs due to inflammation of the surrounding tissues and irritation of the veins.

In clinical practice, the manifestation of these signs prompts further evaluation for DVT, often through tools such as ultrasound or the assessment of D-dimer levels. Awareness of these symptoms is crucial because early detection and intervention can significantly reduce the risk of complications such as pulmonary embolism, which can arise if the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs.

Other signs, such as lower abdominal pain, shortness of breath, and elevated heart rate, can occur in various medical conditions but do not specifically indicate a DVT. Lower abdominal pain may suggest gastrointestinal issues or gynecological concerns, shortness of breath can indicate pulmonary issues or cardiac problems, and an elevated heart rate might be a response to stress, pain, or other systemic conditions