Which medication is commonly prescribed for hypertension and heart failure and is also nephroprotective?

Prepare for the Barkley Pathophysiology, Pharmacology, and Physical Assessment Exam. Engage with flashcards, multiple choice questions, and detailed explanations to boost your confidence and ensure success!

The medication that is commonly prescribed for hypertension and heart failure and is also known for its nephroprotective effects is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ACE inhibitors work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. This action leads to vasodilation, which lowers blood pressure and decreases the workload on the heart, making it advantageous for heart failure management.

Additionally, ACE inhibitors have a protective effect on the kidneys, especially in patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. They reduce intraglomerular pressure by decreasing the efferent arteriolar constriction that angiotensin II typically causes. This nephroprotective quality helps prevent the progression of kidney damage.

While beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are also used in managing hypertension and heart failure, they do not share the same level of nephroprotective benefits as ACE inhibitors. Beta-blockers primarily reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, calcium channel blockers focus on vascular relaxation, and diuretics help manage fluid overload but do not provide direct benefits to kidney protection. Therefore, the choice of ACE inhibitors highlights their unique role in both cardiovascular and renal health.

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