Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance?

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized primarily by insulin resistance, which means that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin. In this condition, the pancreas produces insulin, but its ability to stimulate glucose uptake by cells is diminished, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, the pancreas may also become less capable of producing adequate amounts of insulin to compensate for this resistance.

This condition is often associated with risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and a diet high in processed foods. Therefore, management of type 2 diabetes typically focuses on lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, increased physical activity, and dietary changes, in addition to medications that may improve insulin sensitivity or increase insulin secretion.

In contrast, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune condition that results in the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin rather than resistance. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy, often due to hormonal changes that result in insulin resistance as well. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes that involves a defect in insulin production rather than resistance. Thus, Type 2 Diabetes is distinctly recognized for its association with insulin resistance.